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Global_Competitiveness_Report_2015-2016
auto-generated 1-Feb-2021
The Global Competitiveness Report 2015 2016 Insight ReportKlaus Schwab, World Economic Forum 2015 World Economic Forum Insight Report The Global Competitiveness Report 2015 2016 Professor Klaus Schwab World Economic Forum Editor Professor Xavier Sala-i-Mart n Columbia University Chief Advisor of The Global Competitiveness Report 2015 World Economic Forum The Global Competitiveness Report 2015 2016: Full Data Edition is published by the World Economic Forum within the framework of the Global Comp

Keywords

rank is a result places in the labor performance within each region economies in the region country s own capacity capacity of its financial weights for each year country becomes more competitive weight on the year

Sources: WEF

Pathway Demo and Download Data

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This section lists the Pathway type, Priority/ function areas, Sectors/ fields of life and People/ roles for the pathway.
Type:   Forecasts
Priority/ Function Areas:   Law & Government  People & Society
Sectors/ Fields of Life:   Economy-wide
People/ Roles:   Multi-Nationals  Private Corporations  Governments
This section lists the Categories, Goals, Measures and Actions included in the pathway.
Categories:   country   review   conduct   100.00   pillar   economics   unite   final   weight   education   executive   result   carry   opinion   available   growth   therefore   answer   45.00   competitiveness   director   market   institute   compute   journal   enough   research   given   survey   means   republic   sample   sector   average   55.00   development   economic   scale   world   chinese   circle
Profiles:   france edge   it trend   its role   the way   this technique   the costs   it country   the evidence   this number   we value   the weights   the concepts   the subpillar   the factor   the point   the composition   the investors   the revolution   the driver   a slowdown   the shortcomings   it debt   the requirement   this indicator   its findings   a country   have drivers   a sector   s role   the depth   switzerland environment   the level   hungarian language   the availability   another factor   the drivers   the probability   the system   india performance   fund classification   the patterns   the output   the recession   the dynamism   an ideas   an areas   new indicators   both streams   this kind   the measurement   chavula manager   the report   the cycle   the test   minister report   a good   the importance   the decision   council countries   china rank   it sector   a survey   the illegality   the rules   its influence   the gdp   the link   the students   a child   this column   asia economy   a relationship   the decline   the performer   this discussion   the structure   forum drivers   rd innovation   the trough   a number   an countries   the sector   the companies   this scores   the evolution   the review   the fall   s patenting   this pillar   each characteristic   this concepts   this factors   it workers   the agreement   a body   the economy   the country   the development   a products   the appendix   the audit   it onset   the survey   this measure   the countries   the analysis   every response   the lack   the plan   institute manager   the messages   the recovery   have efficiency   africa events   it goal   the methodology   the stability   the bias   any attempt   mckinsey drivers   an economists   the security   the index   the rankings   the rates   the capacity   the amount   an disparity   hoa professor   this institutions   the effect   an elements   we data   a description   the improvements   the distance   the guidelines   the notes   the edition   no nation   the need   the update   the strength   a 12th   the price   expert programmes   the normalization   the author   the gaps   the propensity   it institutions   tfp evidence   brazil strength   the administration   the crisis   the aspect   the novelty   no member   u growth   this test   this section   the idea   the pillar   the government   whose progrowth   the roles   no representations   this indicators   the persistence   the challenge   this percentage   the realization   the sections   this characteristics   the deficit   the implementation   a regression   the quality   the institutes   the transfer   the difficulty   we definition   the size   the prevalence   the sample   the firms   it officers   an models   the component   any answer   the functioning   columbia advisor   an studies   the drop   a change   the degree   the journal   the average   it size   each factor   rki officer   the literature   this appendix   the presence   the community   forum opinion   this report   the factors   the ingredient   all factors   the discussion   another role   figure3 gains   its businesses   it recovery   the position   a priorities   the teacher   the lesson   the forum   the change   the authors   the determinant   108th 120th   the dollar   that firms   the agility   the policymakers   the situation   box4 factors   this fundamentals   matsuyama models   the assumption   it capacity   haan regime   lusinyan drop   the section   the figures   state division   the protection   the members   the process   the performers   the objective   it position   a network   overall benefits   the debt   it system   the burden   the network   a workforce   this reversal   a company   africa levels   the team   the indicators   the workings   the lab   a electricity   this progression   its rights   the set   this variable   the introduction   another type   it economy   no bank   a idea   it publication   that collaboration   this category   the line   the exchange   the generation   all children   the units   the share   committee member   the markets   its implementation   a metaanalysis   the outcomes   what extent   a burden   whose patterns   the aggregation   report country   ie caps   an employees   the impact   the uptake   the workforce   the contribution   the authorities   the data   this successes   the method   f intermediation   the side   such discussion   no country   a recession   the inventors   the sum   the chapter   the complexity   the performance   what competitiveness   whose firms   porter theory   hasbani officer   the path   an firms   the results   this uncertainty   the picture   this systems   the ladder   the environment   another area   laffont schumpeter   the economies   trade12 box2   a prosperity   a crisis   an developments   its research   the crises   the differential   a weakness   the market   a analysis   the technology   the innovation   the criterion   a part   the people   ic samplesize   the extent   it environment   the rate   a person   the provision   the ability   institute indicator   the value   the subindexes   a consequence   a tariff   the formula   each type   xv report   the gap   ted talks   this finding   a value   5th markets   this countries   creation97 size   this results   greece trajectory   the weight   fadi director   a economy   the score   a framework   whose prices   this chapter   the relationship   the competitiveness   the region   the participation   this box   the assessment   the information   the theories   the number   the election   the efficiency   the framework   a sophistication   you opinion   this effort   this focus   it balance   the opinion   the answer   fdi literature   a year   a overview   the prosperity   have teaching   the worker   the role   the conflicts   the differences   a comparison   the indicator   the cost   all countries   the regulation   a share   the chance   the rank   that pillars   it performance   a environment
Goals:   identify single factor   accumulate nonperforming loans   protect actors investors   reach problematic factors   define stable framework   release inaugural report   reduce technological gap90   select best firms   herald new era   invest total rate   access need finance   lead innovation pillar   implement intended project   create needed skills   measure productive potential   strengthen financial markets   include trade openness   compute competitiveness index   introduce planned updates   fix standing rigidities   limit tradeweighted rate   provide complete picture   produce inventions solutions   absorb growing force   enjoy labor protection   provide solid base   take latest ideas   introduce new concepts   bankifc doing project   analyze matching process   adopt competitiveness report   repeat random 593   expand time horizon   boast excellent system   present trend analysis   require adjustments skills   experience hard landing   climb priority list   contain detailed profile   affect trade growth   create important advantage   teach relevant skills   develop production processes   obtain system permits   figure respondent profile   take basic requirements   find negative effect   suggest affects ways   consider regulations inflation   experience small improvement   require holistic approach   prevent country sample   start bankruptcy proceedings   have limited effect   follow sampling guidelines   register fastest improvement   choose random selection   decrease savings improvements   reflect tax wedge   reflect report years   provide growth opportunities   lend competitiveness report   hold management positions   identify areas bottlenecks   indicate worse outcome   sustain higher wages   complete see table2   include slower pace   implement include measures   distinguish updated gci   capture changing needs   wellregulated venture capital   improve forum institutions   start business 608   absorb technologies 65th   combine incidence rate   obtain judicial decisions   embrace business ideas   bear associated risks   afford substantial body   hold large amount   require financial markets   fulfill potential conclusions   reverse traditional arrangement   develop financial sector   capture embarked developments   state economic journal   survey new survey   carry following steps   afford nutrition sanitation   affect needs prospects   ensure average score   facilitate impact innovation   demonstrate relative success   analyze main results   approach top three   produce large budget   increase coverage year   tap competitiveness agenda   post unchanged performance   constraint industry construction   build common understanding   select productive investments   generate larger stocks   occupy lowest rankings   present updated thinking   encourage thinking diversity   explore various channels   provide larger size   highlight affected channels   embrace ideas willingness   do average score   reflect positive assessment   intensify market competition   undermine positive developments   ensure constant upgrading   boast public institutions   shape address agendas   leverage human factor   represent various sectors2   estimate health burden   distort relative importance   exchange depreciation changes   reward most productive60   capture resource intensity   generate consumer surplus   exclude demonstrate surveys   maintain competitive edge   thank public authority   impose necessary discipline   review main drivers   asses product efficiency   strengthen global openness   improve financial markets   update large literature   improve transport infrastructure   produce quarterly journal   do capital business   combine measures quantitative   combine capture indicators   plan research unit   develop business models   include weighted average   introduce new aspects   include global report   affect level rates   underscore report one   replace current methodology   reflect outstanding quality   invest exceptional wealth   teach curiosity creativity   carry country average   need shared assessment   confirm strong performance   improve overall level   reflect put features   tackle distortions controls   contain metal ores   discover use ways   include ensure institutions   retain best talent   ease firing hiring   affect allocated efficiency   justify high cost   proxy leverage extent   experience year declines   explain large part   represent potential source   develop sample score   pillar basic services   face main challenges   kamwanga research fellow   risk lower demand   include capture data   provide associated gains   concern linked elements   suggest new normal   improve business environment   convey sincere gratitude   boost own capacity   identify structural features   increase available amounts   use involves networks   note world forum   service adds debt   stylize models facts   invest capital resources   answer world forum   complete secondary education   ensure stable environment   improve governance standards   generate firm conclusions   impose simple average   commercialize products charges   present current thinking   maintain percent share   boost competitiveness report   develop average note   interest transport quality   sharpen competitive edge   receive highest score   know economics journal   use shown percentage   improve needed fundamentals   prevent mismanagement fraud   reach helps marketplace   provide extensive review   boast workforce 63rd   give best effort   offer interest rates   affect expectancy strength   invest borrowed money   understand related phenomena   continue identified measures   generate unstable recessions   investigate relative significance   asses high sum   rate corporate ethics   survey opinion survey   possess economic foundations   expose economic costs   receive attainment rate   interfere competitiveness report   restrict investment reducing   push public spending   widen life choices   necessitate interest rates   include debt variable   play key role   provide prioritize reason   update gradual pickup   reflect rely fact   average year percent   produce new ideas   address youth unemployment   include other firms   innovate instability complexity   prepare sample frame   capture broader notion   improve framework bureaucracy   reflect newest thinking   exist executive opinion   khale deputy general   increase debt burden   publish global index   strengthen lags 21st   reflect reform efforts   do import tariffs   remain structural reforms   create knowledge products   host efficient 12th   emphasize prioritize need   link economic review   reflect manage capacity   include domestic markets   increase takes likelihood   ensure basic level   identify weaknesses strengths   need protect regulation   address important aspect   increase economic efficiency   create employment opportunities   competitiveness competitiveness report   build human capital   give equal weight   build technologies collaboration   undergo thorough review   find large effect   fill released gap   achieve higher welfare   continue reinstate efforts   reflect smooth transition   constitute potential source   align survey data   affect productivity investment   thank listed participants   measure current quality   move value chain   apply stratification procedure   form indicator imports   start included indicator   publish draw reports   include affect expenditures   build sample frame   reduce formation yields   measure enabling environment   present detailed structure   close failing experience   register lower score   present find evidence   follow best practices   terminate redundant worker   provide refined assessment   do forum survey   promote economic growth   need measures readiness   include official fees   see competitiveness report   find use ways   dent macroeconomic environment   reduce influential book   use gross debt   associate sector foundation   take weighted average   highlight priority areas   identify positive swings   innovate essential ingredients   improve competitiveness conditions   indicate government debt   disclaimer competitiveness report   keep whole host   represent best see   discuss detrimental effects   affect live environment   ensure adapt ability   import technologies disparity   drive innovation productivity   create twotier market   introduce affect distortions   divide potential factors   asses time frame   finance operations measure   produce improving innovation   explain economic growth   reduce pillar innovation   play active role   detail edited process   need adopt readiness   experience steady improvement   promote risk taking   estimate belongs likelihood   crowd improves investments   improve situation 102nd   conduct competitiveness report   cause negative consequences   start new company   take reasonable step   reflect public information   show lead promise   train related pay   reap unprecedented opportunities   show highest growth   discuss competitiveness performance   use sophisticated processes   change currency depreciation   climb overtake spot   present main findings   play crucial role   indicate report score   reduce transaction costs   identify affecting firms   trade trade growth   include large firms   use score method   maintain extensive infrastructure   improve environment education   improve labor market   understand result causes   see capital institutions   shape next iteration   create remains opportunities   identify measure data   compute interquartile range   use core questions   report competitiveness report   organize institutions themselves   run interquartile test   reflect positive balance   report exact weights   allocate human resources   graycoats property organization   require large amount   cover large size   end identify effort   thejobtraining education programs   prosper technological category   provide taken equity   maintain strong position   observe use understand   use survey data   consider manufacturing sector   capture outlined concepts   carry executive survey   link w effects   reduce investment productivity   take twofold approach   identify generate factors   increase real value   support competitiveness hypothesis   transform life books   trade market competition   use new set   affect working activity   use arithmetic mean   analyze revenue institutions   register significant improvement   create good set   develop strong sector   wellfunctioning 7th pillar   export export countries   decline benefits places   reflect latest developments   provide short description   adjustment macroeconomic experience   confront working paper   finance large projects   recalibrate growth objectives   reflect improve efforts   leave policy space   include reaching comparisons   export primary products   shleifer global burden   attribute relative weights   reduce persistent deficit   boast efficient 30th   bear challenges fruit   start business number   provide definitive set   focus redistribution effect   reap recovering benefits   provide diminishes evidence   leverage capital potential   use capital equipment94   discuss evolving concepts   create level field   instabilitycoups public crime   represent positive exception   provide future directions   attain happens diseconomies   diminish effective independence   show largest disparities   overcome productivity challenges   enforce order law   carry assess analysis   reflect world forum   carry same weight   include representing lists   drop computation aggregation   limit future ability   overcome current crisis   take following form   simplify use framework   competitivenessenhancing pressing challenges   send global economy   take natural log   finance main components   include earning cash   educate people training   1st research institutions   incentivizing organized crime   figure broad spectrum   use including technologies   reverse trend 58th   overcome market failures   contribute valuable portrait   overwhelm smaller sample   move more needs   capture included concepts   promote productivity challenge   improve macroeconomic environment   see institutes section   reflect economic structure   improve choice wages   affect growth journal   measure different aspect   continue gradual path   fahed committee member   weather recent crisis   build good outcomes   do poor health   ensure strong incentives   mean crossing borders   reduce generated rents   provide mixed picture   define ethical attitude   neutralize enhancing growth   explain postwar growth   use total production   derail weak recovery   evolve productivity growth   develop original concept   generate basic knowledge   include critical pillars   pillar sophistication innovation   abandon official target   comply efficient 11th   measure encourages extent   support resilience growth   embrace wide array   enable economy companies   see economic forum   find significant effect   reflect including reforms   affect levels productivity   allocate saved resources   capture full range   bankifc opinion survey   compare growth trajectory   require qualitative assessment   calculate moving average   pillar sophistication score   raise economic rate   use pythagorean theorem   rentseeking arbitrary confiscation   provide identify tool   achieve market share   increase interest rates   include sluggish recovery   provide clarifying example   require need recognition   develop subsaharan africa   refer applications number   service need debt   reduce reported tape   represent main sectors   develop world forum   exert high degree   retain country capacity   include depressed taxes   reduce invest incentives   shape organize ways   represent latest thinking   cost aging population   provide world forum   face facts journal   reflect considered fact   center skills gap   affect coverage scope   connect reducing agents   apply working paper   service introduce debt   lead experienced deceleration   highlight create need   use made progress   welldefined economic areas   pillar welldeveloped infrastructure   follow narrower definition   provide efficient system   datadriven economic journal   produce country scores   current stocks us   stabilize include 96th   maintain competitive advantage   foster growth figure   allow remains idea   thank following organizations   enjoy regular administration   share major challenge   use simple average   drive growth patterns   undermine tap capacity   compare annual rate   facilitate fix recovery   reflect respective structure   set binding constraints   address excessive reliance   figure figure china   capture overall quality   make communicate efforts   use weighting scheme
Measures:   ehab economist   low rate   knockon effects   influential book   innovative companies   ppp estimates   relative weakness   trade liberalization   ongoing efforts   inward trade   halfweight variables   private bureau   revolutionize industries   technological problems   phoenician harbors   individual indicators   small improvement   foremost hubs   new countries   regional similarities   average worker   upward swings   separate issues   fundamental cause   high cost   ethical attitude   complete wellbeing   vertical integration   instructional content   late technologies   good effort   fifth pillar   new quality   next iteration   regional standards   reasonable step   fundamental shift   financial deepening   second position   competitive economy   3rd infrastructure   exist pillar   geographic differences   economic issues   available market   interest rates   key role   possible factors   improve rights   priority list   poor performance   public forces   senior coordinator   excellent availability   rear economist   economic environment   modern techniques   impressive amelioration   moderate inflation   low position   move average   think diversity   european studies   play field   efficiency gains   inefficient education   125th institutions   second market   common factor   update thinking   heavy investments   dataset chapter   necessary condition   traditional industry   deleveraging regulations   old technologies   overall efficiency   twelfth innovation   educational arrangement   detail information   longterm competitiveness   regulatory environment   important issue   capital institutions   detail structure   but improvements   relate pay   noneos measures   good crisis   consumer surplus   separate powers   national savings   real rate   different conclusions   high jongapin   global prices   rapid diffusion   financial products   fiscal deficit   worker efforts   appropriate measures   first report   public crime   new era   seventh pillar   private companies   job opportunities   national accounts   medical expenses   labor protection   extreme outliers   international relations   private gain   modern growth   new database   productivity growth   large portion   excellent infrastructure   broadband broadband   institutional factors   basic level   fiscal package   good firms   economic agendas   distance method   important elements   private sector   last categories   weakness efficiency   senior expert   broadbased rises   slow growth   far challenges   6th pillar   constant respondents   executive opinion   economy profiles   initial level   basic weaknesses   emerge markets9   expropriation risk   new sectors   dynamic journal   many factories   corporate standards   inclusive growth   large budget   empirical study   regular administration   74th technology   successive shocks   les model   available technology   strong institutions   critical subindexes   sophisticate performance   economic outlook   high growth   highinterest payments   daniel division   public procurement   real economy   fourth revolution   geopolitical turbulence   local buyers   advance stage   develop economies   efficient measures   multifacete perspective   high forces   societal goals   robust framework   economic foundations   annual rate   cumulative rate   important opportunities   low banks   tenth size   complete description   outlook recessions   low score   overall 124th   industrial consultant   particular purpose   fix costs   more profit   national level   economic forum   ample evidence   lead economist   fast pace   large projects   mas production   international flow   interquartile test   low base   innovative activity   bilateral investment   general agreement   operate expenses   previous years   international policy   multiple intelligences   domestic market   fiscal transfers   persist rigidities   literature review   crosscountry analysis   volatile inflation   different pillars   leviathan treatise   complete makers   economic income   low 87th   manual tasks   critical diversity   exist indicator   easy expenses   business project   basic areas   foreign manufacturing   new survey   clear outlier   capital equipment94   continue reforms   poor performers   5th sound   distinctive feature   hysteresis effects   recent recession   depth financing   inclusive figure   coverage year   negligible portion   elusive gains   increase scrutiny   increase returns   longterm vision   crude oil   viable balance   level field   global growth   normal efforts   deep crisis   conducive ecosystem   important advantage   optimal adoption   specific country   technological readiness   high risk   exceptional wealth   low 75th   export commodities   weight index   elevate levels   low price   discussion paper   sluggish supplyside   international comparability   corporate scandals   such openness   current workforce   unskilled labor   sluggish recovery   external affairs   financial sectors   significant similarities   longterm productivity   sophisticate processes   normal countries   overall competitiveness   potential outlier   arbitrary decisions   total factor   prove benefits   grow debate   expropriation taxes   size enterprises   exist tasks   interquartile range   critical pillars   key drivers   company profitability   strong incentives   certain constraints   property protection   basic drivers   forum data   total loans   inflationary pressure   economic outcomes   new table   agriculture yields   decline investment   unemployment trajectories   socalled revolution   investment choices   educational economy   overall exports   sufficient focus   total assets   research institutions   sustainable longterm   5th edition   new models   high weights   minimum requirements   active role   necessary discipline   market competition   relative importance   european policy   resource intensity   management skills   competition extent   director general   online tool   institute section   social research   nuclear program   international review   present application   study spillovers   intellectual property   persistent deficit   economic literature   outstanding debt   detail guidelines   proxy measures   common understanding   oil importers   global networks   most stages   negative impact   effective competition   good suppliers   manager director   local experts   worsen finances   many cases   austerity measures   famous theory   financial structure   sustain levels   multiyear project   sudden stop   intensive capital   international competition   national borders   inefficient measures   innovative ideas   sample size   personal contacts   colonial origins   domestic credit   successful services   economic officer   current version   legal systems   junior officer   economic benefit   protection legislation   main drivers   long expectancies   fundamental causes   productivity challenges   economic output   industrial countries   prudential tools   methodological issues   last year   14th position   global development   total production   stable 6th   countrys capitalization   high levels   future policy   industrial structure   annual conference   wide disparities   market share   broad sense   judicial decisions   right direction   daily activities   recognize agencies   great productivity   foundation data   more openness   qhesi officer   emerge segments   foreign labor   general manager   monetary rewards   absolute power   diabetes mellitus   neighbore economies   market failures   contemporary economics   allocation measures   high productivity   empirical research   growth objectives   administrative services   specific skills   own illness   new channels   first research   eastern part   policy use   informal constraints   select economies   different trajectories   various sectors2   late innovations   opinion survey   great changes   competitive strengths   sufficient opportunities   general decline   domestic bubble   economic considerations   outstanding quality   technological progress20   next edition   financial hubs   innovative environment   european problem   legal remedies   simple model   weak yen   third world   last decades   dominant positions   research member   payment system   strong adjustment   technology adoption   propoor growth   technical inventions   cognitive ability   corporate governance   general equilibrium   natural resourcesb   late thinking   new ground   current debates   distortionary policies   more outcomes   new need   increase productivity   special emphasis   datum accuracy   legal environments   internet subscriptions   financial system26   borrow money   national government   reproducible capital   2nd businesses   past decade   more innovation   10th position   strong performers   far percent   overall productivity   fail experience   geographical group   future expectancy   supplier quality   vertical interindustry   social welfare   large amount   various channels   balkan countries   update information   second year   productivity figure3   good set   loose policy   gross loans   right hand   positive territory   fiscal policy   external statistics   ownership interests   126th access   update version   run department   good practices   whole sample   individual indicator   determine diversity   secondary education   good performance   pessimistic outlook   careful process   foreign production   comparative development   legal framework   complex tasks   bankinternational quality   negative effect   critical component   multinational linkages   small improvements   chief officer   available datasets   full edition   emerge countries   growth rates   individual analysis   previous decade   appropriate data   highquality institutions   exchange capital   strong competition   high likelihood   106th report   eastern countries   specific timeframe   late iteration   financial efficiency   forum survey   exist workers   good assessment   unique products   average pattern   decadelong improvement   statistical data   particular policy   innovative capacity   education indicators   import group   market 30th   formal markets   previous decades   rapid growth   clear considerations   many prospects   economic policymaking   civil society   flexible hiring   national productivity   2005b growth   suitable paper   industrialize countries   economic development   large list   effective independence   general market   far asset   low level   great accuracy   competitive markets   large control   positive trajectories   international agreements   ethical attitudes   educational implications   large literature   senior officer   academic world   nexus inflationgrowth   new services   daily life   low 29th   public finance   macroeconomic dynamics   limit effect   individual responses   international settlements   economic sanctions   third parties   high prosperity   ultimate goals   individual incentives   domestic goods   such projects   5th pillar   uncertain prospects   legal foundations   central government   rise investment   selfcontained areas   free press   economic crisis   industrial worker   growth trajectory   single worker   such firms   human factors   international trade   international law   twotier market   educate economies   local risk   low government   large share   16th outcomes   gabon ration   more value   subsequent transfers   economic areas   foreign markets   competitiveness performance   policy space   firm formation   national councils   poor health   broad range   sophisticate regulations   senior director   competitive country   main sectors   high penetration   low report   new dataset   monetary policy   unsustainable levels   high rate   large banks   available b   average note   new employees   macroeconomic results   import tariffs   human capital   innovative innovation   public welfare   senior researcher   technical terms   large pillar   capital resources   attractive market   market distortions   public investment   laborforce quality   economic perspectives   imf 2015c   131st infrastructure   managerial finance   academic publications   policy environment   standardize ziqc   sluggish prospects   financial services   international indicators   suggest drivers   improve competitiveness   abroad 4th   enable environment   low rates   judicial independence   disruptive innovation   international ifs   similar stage   exist weaknesses   global report   public funds   improve regulation   borda member   more output   solid capacity   weight average   dual purpose   increase uptake   new needs   moderate deficit   late developments   competitionenhancing policies   restless openness   weight scheme   private returns   annual change   southern countries   equity funding   arab spring   conceptual point   flexible contracts   education system   efficient system   local market   global scale   distortionary effect   saving improvements   future ability   public goods   many subpillars   public number   more jobs   respective structure   gradual pickup   sluggish productivity   foster efficiency   positive externalities   institutional framework   perceive cost   complete discussion   bright note   secondary extent   formal constraints   database measure   perfect discrimination   relevant concepts   prevail norms   general number   many economies   economic theory   scientific research   departments111 conclusions   idea willingness   financial intermediaries   associate enforcement   follow organizations   transparent access   human progress   high participation   economic history   official target   poor infrastructure   ongoing consultations   work paper   exist survey   chief trends   relate availability   endogenous growth   current downturn   individual behavior   seventh year   nutrition sanitation   global agenda   economic pinotti   available amounts   small system   6th place   hard landing   holistic approach   additional countries   public registry   exist change   productive system   intellectual support   quickly education   corporate sheet   top positions   discount average   public debts   deteriorate institutions   economic transactions   financial dependence   raw labor   good sanitation   moral codes   key concepts   account services   such recovery   mineral countries   new markets   densil director   long run   nonaccrual assets   conceptual discussion   personal gain   systemic risk   potential output   select topics   aging population   product processes   precious stones   maternal consequences   foreignowned companies   dire reforms   live standards   technological adoption   private investment   local suppliers92   large increase   economic economics   fair competition   industrial activities   sme overhead   macro environment   diagnose diabetes   norway school   global disease   high position   policymaker businesses   natural resources   detail description   potential respondents   primary 108th   global councils   much discussion   third transfers   foreign market   shortterm projects   product charges   ethical behavior   coverage scope   good rights   emerge markets   recent advances   good performer   inaugural address   reliable data   grow results   competitive advantage   domestic markets   longerterm ones   sovereign default   detail analysis   healthy workers47   seminal paper   deep interaction   governmental organizations   overall requirements   underdevelop seaports   economic papers   economic countries   weak aspect   good borders   contemporary policy   application number   countrys exchanges   norwegian school   same time   industrylevel papers   competitiveness conditions   corporate performance   financial development   regional information   small signs   domestic product   new technology   western world   new surplus   reallocate share   alternative measures   reasonable efforts   relative rate   most cases   significant changes   least countries   technical knowledge   business activity   low 118th   volberda director   first institutions   privatesector growth   exact share   great output   human interaction   last years   local competition   corporate shares   educational opportunities   competitive economies   different dimensions   active policy   good scale   index quality   solid environment   reputable organizations   organize education   additional unit   problematic factors   noneos reporters   longestablished factors   purchase decisions   stable relationship   professional entities   low stability   extend opportunities   apply research   historical circumstances   dramatic declines   average figure   stark differences   third stage   previous sections   traditional data   low exports   historical traditions   consistent forum   technological change   local economy   current prices   due payments   difference d   macroeconomic experience   far decreases   transparent framework   european economy   special projects   gape deficit   rigid hiring   financial failures   emerge risk   pivotal time   strong channels   relate indicators   sufficient stock   recent crisis   longrun prosperity   enforceable rights   low levels   specialist division   global value   streamline questionnaire   arab world   fourth edition   total rate   net productivity   trend analysis   high lack   large relative   fix assets   domestic nontariff   nontariff barriers   governance standards   aggregate demand   financial asset   american countries   country year   weaken euro   early adopter   longrun pillar   stable health   successful aghion   mobile telephone   healthy transport   skill gap   8th pillar   bankruptcy proceedings   corporate culture   inefficient supply   secondary rates   strengthen efficiency   potential source   short factors   determine cost   idei paper   many explanations   social understanding   empirical work   specific structures   run growth   raw materials   potential factors   identically stages   local inflation   new health   average growth   public spending   new company   fledgling net   young adults   21st century   manufacturingbased economy   eshsg head   low projects   steady improvement   financial director   lawmake bodies   minmax transformation   massive investments   public institutions   big obstacle   financial crises   private agents   new imperative   relative backwardness   major governance   efficient markets   future directions   historical scores   innovation ecosystem   long time   specific tariffs   broad notion   interactive exchanges   4th health   authority extent   national culture   international firm   slight improvements   many firms   many conclusions   preferential rates   economic performance   top adopters   percent share   emerge sectors   bestperforming economy   moreefficient processes   business framework   high unemployment   right education   low cost   first time   cardiovascular diseases   growth prospects   contractual obligations10   build blocks   basic requirements   deputy general   important hindrance   big share   total growth   individual firms   survey profile   additional effects   negative rates   tertiary enrollment   oil price   economic activities   weak institutions   private dialogue   several reasons   absorptive capacity   official records   most part   far scope   dual education   aggregate functions   ideal health   local competitors   negative effects   healthy workforces   sound institutions   important determinants   multinational firms   deteriorate terms   current state   new reporters   budget balance   capital formation   standardize score   domestic box   chief division   past progress   geographic distance   available options   75th percentile   markets1 prospects   private institutions   past debts   continue performance   dispute efficiency   new thinking   long way   new avenues   exist indicators   administrative efficiency   economic benefits   determine competition   right conditions   essential complement   institutional change   efficient 11th   financial stability   current outcomes   large extent   work age   industry nonmanufacturing   sophisticate 2nd   productive journal   such efficiency   few cases   market review   develop countries   early period   public authority   technical progress   fastestgrowing region   microeconometric evidence   bad cases   corporate taxation   low diversification   poor indicators   future prosperity   policy complexity   short term   regular service   poor crime   separate basis   social structure   excellent system   firm conclusions   single factory   new methods   such issues   late ideas   colonial systems   global network   underlie reasons   economic models   effective use   key development   performance highlights   detail drivers   4th pillar   important factors   container ships   main ways75   reward people   typical duration   complete review   public services   percentile rank   administrative director   innovation 1st   high sum   novel ideas   6th market   monopolistic competition   significant improvement   core questions   research paper   revolutionary book   economic shocks   costly crises   economic growth   foreign investment   higherquality education   enough responses   miss data   first stage   overlap elements   tax wage   delegate review   country evidence   live births   limit effectiveness   possible expectancy   problematic factor   local firms   current measures   need improvements   large corporations   bad outcomes   analysis economics   uppermiddle status   technical officer   network index   new ideas   compile andor   flexible 18th   recent improvements   new ways   thirdparty products   corporate executives   implicit weight   country capacity   consecutive edition   fendel professor   major challenges   independent states   first advantage   descriptive statistics   complementary factors   high education   interactive platform   employment opportunities   eduardo director   proxy measure   growth opportunities   macroeconomic corruption   effective modes   19th century   direct connection   initial audit   productive potential   consistent performances   fiscal consolidation   existingnew sources   uncertain environment   possible score   respective rates   high welfare   public finances   active subscriptions   new influence   normal weight   adoption category   such services   many loans   international comparison   several years   competitive edge   general journal   new obstacles   future prices   market efficiency   enable index   universal education   update framework   large markets   national competitiveness   particular aspect   institutional relations   normal pillar   specific elements   industry construction   sophisticate markets   available technologies   relevant indicators   normal surplus   structural reforms   increase employers   firm commitment   economic woes   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large size   measure economics   different components   follow list   neoclassical model   structural progress   inadequate processes   domestic firms   traditional industries   divergent paths   low 124th   follow steps   clarify example   economic sector   physical 4th   qualitative measures   practice cooperation   final score   great promise   reform efforts   meaningful ways   positive developments   correspond profile   efficient 12th   local availability   normal table   countryeconomy profiles   commercial technology   swift recovery   strong boards   worldwide methodology   positive effect   different weights   particular sector   regional economy   economic sectors   unilateral measures   individual reuse   relative success   4th concern1   unprecedented opportunities   low welfare   possible price   social interaction   second audit   longrun journal   term productivity   recent developments   10th pillar   gci methodology   mathematical terms3   narrow definition   foreign ownership   overvalue market   new availability   advance countries   only way   future sources   ownership intermediation   theoretical grounds   gdpweighted rate   sound goods   investment decisions   priority areas   social costs   large samples   detrimental effects   steady path   online services   productivityenhancing characteristics   sincere gratitude   top economies   general education   third year   orient reforms   political phase   member division   3rd environment   economic dynamics   performance activity   domestic companies   low growth   several users   tax authorities   additional noise   health crime   economic efficiency   exhaustive discussion   standard deviations   adoption availability   complete survey   seventh efficiency   political process   public infrastructure   high borrowing   random p   connect investment   press issues   grow force   competitive countries   lessproductive firms61   local policies   immediate category   historic proportions   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  large firms   physical capital   potential market   serious problems   rise incomes   import goods   selfemployment ownership   first way   available scope   high level   strong cooperation   favorable conditions   current year   9th place   macroeconomic stability   high share   average output   global economy   private risks   worldwide 6th   main drag   7th outcomes   cumulate value   venture capital   such interventions   immediate requirements   primarily tools   capable institutions   certain countries   noncommunicable diseases   low accumulation   key aspects   excessive taxation   small companies   accountable management   international director   qatari nationals   project growth   colonial land   reduce deficit   good chance   fix lines   economic institutions   more risk   resident sectors   european countries   4th institutions   political instability   total effect   efficient goods   past years   empirical tests   corruption 76th   independence favoritism   main stages 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skills   quarterly statistics   entrepreneurial risk   productivity economies   top priorities   professional services   firm investments   unique combination   new products   medium term   financial instability   attributable forum   prolong prices   structural rigidities   good measurements   direct investment   late research   growth figure   public savings   disruptive willingness   main tool   general theory   broad spectrum   incidence rate   budget deficit   statistical offices   asian economies   eo organisation   original idea   quiet coup   economic cooperation   intellectual capital   scientific discoveries   public contracts   globalize technology   high activity   additional tests   high debt   possible exception   soft skills   government bureaucracy   asset cash   respiratory diseases   55th place   landlock countries   biomedical research   large organizations   follow question   extensive survey   constant sample   longrun relationships   determine factor   social 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innovative aspects   see text   fundamental efficiency   investment investments   regression approach   supplementary list   international standards   consecutive editions   youth unemployment   labor force   nonexcludable inventors   international technology   legal rights   healthy workforce   46th sophistication   external entities   cuttingedge products   total value   detail profile   property rights   high profitability   stateowned banks   small enterprises   manage director   downward trend   economic studies   large smallmedium   competitiveness index   recent studies   international distribution   political borders   human resources   wide array   new 65th   raise earnings   large intermediaries   evolve concepts   emerge market   economic information   stable environment   full range   average incomes   fouryear slide   study programs   do project   knowledge products   discontinue operations   relative distance   most questions   potential causes   good universities   great ziqc   fragile recovery   syrian war   external flexibility   economic growth54   spanish firms   time horizon   long term   average percent   current institutions   differ methodologies   most economies   full potential   fiscal stimulus   actual participation   expect benefits   new findings   otranto detotto   legal system   country sample   establish concepts   macroeconomic pillar   inclusive strategy   far efforts   productivity challenge   unstable recessions   distinct tariffs   comparative analysis3   global crisis   physical energy   secular stagnation   basic use   remain rights   positive assessment   educational inequity   more investments
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